power

GRE写作

2.27

国人思维模式

i am thinking of a topic

idon’t want to say mytopic , but i am sure that you know it
“只可意会不可言传”

练习1

过去的人冬天没有暖气, 出门见不到汽车, 连吃肉都困难, 哪有什么幸福可言?
people used to have no heating in winter and no cars to go out ,even eating meat is difficulr , how can there be any happiness

翻译可以改成
过去的人们感觉不幸福, 因为没有暖气, 他们在冬天会感觉到寒冷; 没有汽车, 难以到达远方; 很难找到肉吃, 没有营养
people in the past didn’t feel happy. They felt cold without radiators ; they found it hard to reach remote places without automobiles; they were malnourished without meat on their tables.

练习2

出国留学可以学习知识, 增强阅历, 为未来打下基础!
Study abroad can learn knowledge, stong experience, for future plant basic.
主语应该是人,不是不是出国留学这件事

accumulate积累

翻译可以改成
出国留学帮助我们学习知识, 增强阅历,为未来做准备/
通过出国留学,我们可以学习知识, 增强阅历, 为未来作准备

• 省略的主宾要还原

练习3

越来越多的孩子有网瘾, 分数下降的很厉害, 身心健康也受到危害.

越来越多的孩子正在承受网瘾的折磨, 这使得他们的分数下降得很厉害, 畏怯使得他们的身心健康也受到危害

越来越多
more and more
an increasing number of

使
make
let / allow
lead to /reslt in

An increasing number of students are (suffering) from the internet addiction , which results in their falling grades and poor mental and physical conditions.

练习4

学习艺术可以陶冶情操

Apreciating arts and music is a [character education].
Appreciating arts and music hlps students [mold(塑造) and shape] their characters.
Appreciating arts and music teaches [values and virtues].
[陶冶情操]

3.5

cogent 强有力的
well-articulated 表达清晰的
insightful 富有洞察力的
issue 不一定要绝对的反对或同意
combustion 运行
quandaries 困境

1. The assumption is that an increased reliance on technology negates the need for people to think creatively to love previews quandaries
2. This reliance on technology does not necessarily preclude the creativity that marks the human species

short circuits 短路，漏电
preclude 排除，阻止
scale 需求
proliferation 增殖，扩散
horse-and-buggy过时的
inconceivable 不可想象的
ruling party 统治党派
maverick 持不同意见的
rebuttal 反驳
layman 门外汉
vaccines 疫苗

3.12

Argument的写作特点
conclusion + Assumption + Evidence
第1段 —— 开头段：归纳论点，论据，指明逻辑漏洞个数
第2-4段 —— 正文段：分类攻击各个逻辑错误（独立与组合结构最好）

1. 开头 C（结论） —— E（论证） —— F（Flaw：指出原文缺点）
2. 先提出原文漏洞再给出理由反驳

3.19

常见逻辑错误及分析方法

1. 调查数据相关

• 有偏采样
  抽样对象与结论中的对象不一定是一样的

3.26

实验对比(Test and control group Fallacy)是否存在相同性质主客观的对比

百分比陷阱(Falso Ratio Fallacy) (charitable 慈善)
基数不一定相同（没有一定的基数，百分比是无意义的）
假设百分比小的基数较小，百分比较大/基数较大，百分比较小

4.2

因果关系类

1. 急于概括 (Hasty-Generalization Fallacy)
2. 后此谬误 (The “After this, therefore” fallacy)
3. 因果倒置 (The fallacy of confusing the cause and the effect)

4.9

比较类比

• 错误类比（The fallacy of faulty analogy）(wholesale outlet批发)
• 同等谬误（The All things are equal Fallacy）

王大锤去年参加了超级女声得了第一，今年，她应该还会得第一
（时间不一样，比赛赛制也不一定一样）
foam economy 通货膨胀
The arguer claims that ( Deer haven Acres should adopt resection on lands caping and housing painting ) because ( the nearby Brookville adopted than 7 years ago and their preparing values tripled.)指出这个推断是有问题的：This is an unwarranted assumption because things rarely remain the same from place to place.指出推断不成立的可能性：Important factors cannot be denied for as 房价上升不一定因为这个限制/这个限制并不一定适合DA 结尾：All these factors mentioned above can serve to weaken the larger claim

4.16

1. 整体推个体（The general doesn’t equal a specific fallacy）

整体情况不等于个体情况，因为可能存在exception
Lacking evidence that 个体（M镇选民） reflect this general tendiety it is entirely possible that 与整体相方可能性（全国选民） trend of Monreotown might be just the opposite.
2. 偷换概念（A fallacy of inconsistent connotation and extension）
比较题目中所出现的概念和其定义是否能够匹配，是否存在其他合理定义
The arguer fails to establish the meaning of the vague concept of job satisfaction Accordingly, the author has drawn the conclusion too However, job satisfaction may be defined in other terms such as More career development Travelling rashly due to the due to the ignorance of other of other definitions of job satisfaction

GRE文化

2.24

哥伦布 洋流 西印度群岛 葡萄牙 西班牙

1.The Age of Exploration (大航海时代)
哥伦布(1492年第一次航行) 圣萨瓦尔多
第一个国家：葡萄牙，黑奴贸易

1. 自然条件恶劣
2. 好战
3. 强大王权

开启航海时代 —— 葡萄牙、西班牙、荷兰
*王室支持

西经46‘37’为界线（最初）葡萄牙和西班牙
印尼
衰落的原因： 沉迷消费和享乐/未重视本国工商业
哥伦布四次航海

1. 1492年 - 1492年。发现
2. 1493年。殖民
3. 1598年 南美洲
4. 1502年（水上通道）

3.2

The Colonial America
Nashville -> 法国有关 Saint -> 西班牙有关
Emigration/immigration (迁出)殖民/(迁入)殖民
Puritans 清教徒（pure纯洁的）pilgrims 朝圣者
puritanism 清教 protestantism 新教

3.9

美国独立战争 1775-1783
参战方：美利坚合众国，法国，西班牙，英国，荷兰
主要指挥官：华盛顿
性质：资产阶级运动，民族解放运动
原因：英国殖民统治阻碍了美国资本主义发展
导火索：1773年波士顿倾茶事件
审理：约克镇战役（1781年）
北美殖民经济分布：北部造船业发达，中部盛产粮食，南部盛行种植园经济

• 1775年莱克星顿枪声
• 1755年建军
• 1776年7月4日《独立宣言》建国
• 1787年《1787年宪法》
• 1783年英国承认美国独立
  七年战争后，英国提出向北美殖民地征税，激起北美反抗

3.16

• 1783年后再次以西扩张，通过购买、掠夺、殖民等手段（运动主体）
• 1803年，美国从法国1500万买了路易斯安那区域
• 1820年和1819从西班牙夺得佛罗里达
• 1846年，强迫英国定约，将北纬49‘线延伸到大西洋沿岸
• 1846年-1853年，美墨战争爆发，多的墨西哥大片领土
• 1853年，美国已将国界延伸到太平洋的沿岸
• 1848难，加利福尼亚发现金矿
• 1867年以720万美元买下了阿拉斯加
• 1894年，美国推翻夏威夷国
• 1898年，美西战争后，又兼并了夏威夷群岛

3.23

1861年4月12日，林肯怼南方宣战，南北战争爆发
1854年被房间里共和党，1860年林肯上台，南方黑奴州纷纷独立，在1861年2月组成“美利坚株洲联盟”定里士满，戴维斯任总统。

转折：1862年林肯政府颁布《宅地法》《解放黑人》《奴隶制宣言》
局限性：只是废除了南北叛乱的奴隶制，虽然黑人被解放了，但没有获得拜仁一样的权利。

3.30

Reconstruction (1865 - 1877)

美国发展的重要时期

• 1607 - 1733 英属北美殖民地的建立
• 1774 - 1783 独立战争
• 1781 - 1814 独立的民族主权国家的建立
• 1814 - 1861 南北战争前南北经济、政治、外交政策的不同发展时期
• 1861 - 1877 南北战争及战后重建
• 1877 - 1900 19世纪后半叶经济迅速发展（镀金时代）
• 1889 - 1914 第一次世界大战前的发展
• 1914 - 1903 第一次世界大战至20世纪20年末的美国
• 1930 - 1940 20世纪30年代的美国
• 1941 - 1945 第二次世界大战
• 1945 - now 第二次世界大战后

主要重建方面

联邦的恢复，南方社会的转型，颁布积极法案来保障黑人的权利

Ten - Percent Plan （赦免宣言）

1. 只要有百分之十的南方州人民投票愿意回到联邦并且接受宪法第十三修正案，他们就能恢复自己在议院的合法席位
2. Redical Republican 共和党激进派
3. 1865 - 1866 年间出台各类“黑人法典”限制和人产权，经营权，限制黑人工种，变相奴隶制
4. 国会共和党人先后通过了《1866年民权法案》和宪法第十四、十五修正案，保障黑人的公民权和投票权。

4.13

镀金时代：
1877 - 1917年，由马克·吐温透出“The fold Age”而命名。美国工业迅速发展，走向了集中，垄断。19世纪末20世纪初属于美国资本家强取豪夺时期，为了自己利益不顾工人死活。

进步主义：
只在18 - 19世纪美国盛行的一种社会主义思潮和运动，商业领导着蛇娜方式改变。工业化加强，城市化进程加大，意识形态宗教。商业垄断出行问题：政治腐败严重，资本家一工人，白人与黑人，男人与女人之间的尖锐矛盾

4.20

一战中的美国
1914年6月28，奥匈帝国皇储斐迪南大公夫妇被枪杀，成为一战导火索
开始标志：奥匈帝国对塞尔维亚宣战/结束，德国宣布投降
主要同盟：德、奥匈、奥斯曼
主要同盟：英、法、俄罗斯帝国、美国

4.26

民族主义：不同民族的思想出现分化，国力强盛民族意志逐渐增强，向境外延伸
军国主义：常备军，防备军
帝国主义：扩张领土，寻找殖民地
1916.5 - 1917.1美国德国冲突不断
凡尔赛条约（the Treaty of Versailles）一战结束

4.27

The Roaring Twenties(咆哮的20年代)（1919 - 1929）
1912：泰坦尼克号沉船
1913：不锈钢的发明
1914:巴拿马运河完成
1920.1.17：美国宪法第18修正案——禁酒法案

GRE语文

2.24

###长难句

yet those(那些人 着重强调) <-(修饰)[who stress the achievement of a general consensus among the colonists] / cannot fully understand that (consensus) <-(修饰)[without understanding the (conflicts)] <-修饰(that) had to be overcome or repressed in order to reach it.

consensus名词 general 形容词修饰名词
repressed动词

cannot fully understand 不能完全理解
overcome克服
repressed压迫

从句的部分不应该成为主干的部分, 所以可以去掉
consensus作为主干词,剩余内容都是为了修饰它
所以整句的可以简化为
yet those cannot fully understand it

who stress the (achievement肯定general consensus) of a general consensus among the colonists
在没能达成一致的意见的情况下, 会出现一些必须要被压迫下去的冲突
达成一致意见之前可能会出现一些冲突.
在达成一致意见之前首先要了解那些冲突
没能完全了解冲突的统一意见,
[那些人]<-[在没能达成一致意见的情况下]无法完全{[理解]<-[不了解(冲突)<-(去客服或者压迫)]}它

填空

(far from) viewing Jefferson as a skeptical (but) enlightened intellectual,== historians of the 1960’s portrayed him as a doctrinaire thinker,==补充说明-> eager to fill the young with his political orthodoxy while censoring ideas he did not like.

far from…but…=not…but…
portrayed 把..看成
doctronaire 形容词 教条主义
eager to do something 渴望做某事

The Chinese, [(who) began systematic astronomical and weather observations shortly after the ancient Egyptians], were assiduous record-keepers, and because of this, can claim humanity’s logest continuous documentation of natural events

中国人紧随古埃及人其后,开启了系统的天文学和天文观测学,可以称之为在自然形象记录方面,是人类目前为止最长的记录保持着

assiduous形容词
because of this正因如此
democray

十五岁的小张今年十五岁了

例题一

选两个同义词来适合填空内容

Congress is having great difficulty developing a consensus on energy policy, primarily because the policy objective of various members of Congress rest on such _____ assumptions

(A) commonplace 频繁的
(B) trivial 琐碎的
(C) explicit 清楚的,明白的,明确的
(D) disparate 不同的
(E) divergent 分歧的
(F) fundamental 基本的

assumptions 假设
DE
遇到填空题先判定需要填词的词性,可以知道这句话中包括了because,有知道结果部分是一个完整的信息,描述的部分是达成一致方面有困难,结果是没有一致意见
要考虑填词的词性, 功能

2.26

The increase (in the numbers of married women employed outside the home in the twentieth century) had less to do with (the mechanization of housework and an increase in leisure time for those women) than it did with high marriage rates (that shrank the available pool of single women workers , previously, in many cases, the inly women employers would hire) .

后置定语分成三种形式 to do,被动形式, doing非谓语动词
the best man to do the job 他是做这项工作的最佳人选

mechanization 机械化

GRE背景下的同义/反义关系

1. 广义的同义

• 同义词
• 上下义词
• 感情色彩相同
• 正负方向相同

2. 广义的反义
   • 反义词
   • 感情色彩相反
   • 正负方向相反
   • 与极端次相对的中性词

Many welfare reformers would substitute a single , federal
Financed income support (system) / (for) the existing ____ of overlapping (programs).
A. Welter 混乱
B. hodgepode 大杂烩
C. Paucity 缺乏
D. Core 核心
E. Functionalism 功能主义
F. participation 参与

In many science fiction films, the (opposition) of good and evil is portrayed as a ___ between technology, which is ____, and the errant（错误的） will of a depraved(堕落的) intellectual.
blank(i) blank(ii)
A.fusion D.dehumanizing
B.struggle E.unfettered
C.parallel F.beneficent

B F

3.2

The physicist rightly dreads precise argument, since an argument that is convincing only if it is precise / loses all its force if the assumptions on which it is based are slightly changed, whereas an argument that is convincing though imprecise may well be stable under small perturbations of its underlying assumptions.

Although the feeding activities of whales and walruses give the seafloor of the bering shelf a ++devastated ++ appearance, these activities seem to e actually beneficial to the area, enhancing its productivity.

Heavily perfumed white flowers, such as gardenias, were favorites with collectors in the eighteenth century, when scent was valued much ore highly than it is teal.

Dreams are uninformative in and of themselves, but when combined with other data, they can tell us much about the dreamer.

Queen Elizabeth I has quite correctly been called a _____ Of the arts, because many young artist received her patronage.
A. Connoisseur 赞赏家
B. Critic
C. friend
D. scourge
E. judge

The transition from the Paleolithic to the Neolithic era is viewed by most art historians as a ____ because , instead of an increasingly ____ pictorial art but we find degeneration.
A. milestone … debased
B. consolidation … diverse
C. calamity … aberrant
D. regression ... sophisticated
E. continuation … improved

Despite ___ on taking rare tamarins from their habitat the illegal trade in the tiny monkeys remains ____
A. commendations … obligatory
B. consultations … illicit
C. prohibitions ... active

representing a round world on a flat surface is impossible without some ____ ; the Mercator projection may shows Greenland as over ten times larger than Mexico, a country in fact only slightly smaller than Greenland
A. oversight 疏忽
B. simplification 简化
C. clarification 澄清
D. distortion 歪曲
E. superficiality 表面
F. warping 歪曲

3.4

（In order to understand the nature of the ecologist’s investigation）, we may think of the density - dependent affects on growth parameters as 吧..看作 the “signal” ecologists are trying to isolate and interpret, / one that tends to make the population increase from relatively low values or decrease from relatively 相对地 high ones, while the density independent effects act to produce “noise” in the population dynamics.

Yellow fever黄热病, (插入语成分)->[the disease that killed 4,000 Philadelphians in 11793, and so ____ Memphis, Thnnessee, that the city lost its charter,] has reappeared再次出现 after nearly two decades in ____ in the Weatern Hemisphere.
A. terrorized恐怖 … contention争论
B. ravaged损坏 … secret秘密
C. disabled使…无能 … quarantine隔离
D. corrupted腐败 … quiescence静止
E. decimated*摧毁* ... abeyance*中止*

Melodramas音乐剧 which did not present neutral situations were popular precisely because they off the audience观众 a world ____ of ____
A. bereft … theatricality
B. composed … adversity
C. full … circumstantiality
D. deprived … polarity
E. devoid ... neutrality

Many paintings of the American southwest convey a feeling of iodation and loneliness that mirrors映射(对等关系) the ____ lands they depict 描绘
A. lush 丰富的
B. sprawling 不规则的
C. desdate 荒凉的
D. gaudy 华而不实的
E. monumental

Old age, even in cultures where it is , is often vital with
A. venerated*受人尊敬的* ... ambivalence*矛盾*
B. rara … surprise
C. ignored … condescension
D. feared … dismay
E. honored … respect

3.9

This preference for exogamy, gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules / governing marriage, which, (though they differed from one tribal group to another, all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin.)主从复合句 which引导主句all

Many industries are so ____ by the impact of government sanctions, equipment failure, and foreign competition that they are beginning to rely on industrial psychologists to ____ what remains of employee morale.
A. estranged疏远 … guard护卫
B. beleaguered*围困* ... salvage*救赎*
C. overruled … undermine
D. encouraged … determine
E. restrained … confirm

Whereas biologists must maintain a ____ attitude toward the subjects of their research, social scientists must, paradoxically 与之相互矛盾的是, combine personal involvement参与度 and scholarly学术的 ____
A. scorupulous小心翼翼 … sympathy
B. careful … abandon
C. casual … precision精确
D. passive … passion
E. disinterested*客观的，公正的* ... detachment*分离*

Although the revelation that one of the contestants竞争者 was a friend left the judge (open to)处于…境地 charges指控 of lack of the judge remained ailment in her assertion观点 that acquaintance熟识的关系 did not necessarily imply ____
A. prudence谨慎 … rdeance
B. detachment …foreknowledge预言
C. exoneration免罪 … impropriety不适当
D. prejudice偏见 … preference
E. disinterestedness ... partiality*部分*

The highly publicized redesign of the car is essentially ____ the exterior外部的 has been updated but the engine remains unchanged.
A. intuitive直觉的
B. cosmetic*化妆品*
C. superficial表面的
D. consequential重要的
E. retroactive可追溯的
F. momentous极其重要的

Many of our memories are ____, escaping our consciousness just as we strain to recall a face or a name.
A. elusive*难懂的*
B. pervasive普遍的
C. unvaried
D. insensitive感觉迟钝的
E. unaffected
F. slippery*滑的*

Although Caroline Gordon was rigorously objective in her journalistic writing, her lively and ____ private correspondence ____ a delightful capacity能力 for biting commentary on the social scene.
A. incisive敏锐的
B. dispassicnate客观的
C. exuberant热情的
D. exhibited展现
E. decried公开谴责
F. minimized最小化

3.11

The historian Frederick j,Turner wrote in the 1890’s [ that the agrarian discontent不满 that had been developing steadily in the united states since about 1870 ] had been precipitated by the closing of the internal frontier that is, the depletion消耗 of available new land needed for further expansion of the American farming system.

两大原则： 公平原则，重复原则
self-isolation 自我隔离
quarantine 隔离
confirmed case 确诊病例
suspected case 疑似
imported case 输入型病例
close contact 密切接触
incubation period 潜伏期
disinfection 消毒
postpone the reopening of schools 延迟开学

For more than a century, geologists have felt comfortable with the idea that geological processes, although very, are also ____ and so are capable of shaping the Earth given enough time.
A. minute微小的 … sporadic零星的
B. slow ... steady*可识别的*
C. complex … discernible
D. unpredictable … constant
E. ponderous沉重的 … intermittent间隙的

An effective member of a debating team must for clearly on the ____ issue and avoid ____ argument.
A. equivocal可疑的
B. principal主要的
C. comprehensive综合的
D. obstreperous吵闹的
E. peripheral次要的
F. pertinent*相关的*

The ____ with which merchants and landowners in early-nineteenth-century Maryland and Virginia ____ Joshua Johnstair professional services attests证实 to his artistic skill as a portrait painter.
A. avidness渴望
B. diffidence
C. disgust
D. sought
E. replaced
F. overlooked

The man’s colleagues characterized him as ____ because he imitable, quarrelsome坏脾气 disposition
A. crabby
B. disingenuous
C. sanctimonious
D. cantankerous
E. artful
F. tyrannical

3.16

But these 主 of who 宾从 hoped, with Kolb, that 宾从 Kolb’s,newly published complete edition of Proust’s correspondence for 1909 would document*=record* the process in greater detail are disappointed.

____ as =though(倒装句中) Mario’s misdeed was. his grandmother, always blind to his faults, pretended to be unaware of it,
A. accidental
B. apt
C. random
D. flagrant
E. covert

省略句

The most frustrating periods of any diet节食 are the inevitable不可避免 ____, when weight loss ____ if not stops.
A. moods … accelerates
B. feasts … halts
C. holidays … contracts
D. plateaus ... slows
E. meals … ceases

主语从句

(It is ironic讽刺 that the ____ insights of the great thinkers) are voiced so often that they have become were ____.
A. original … cliches
B. banal … beliefs
C. dubious … habits
D. philosophical ... questions
E. abstract … ideas

If it true that 主从 morality cannot exist without religion, then does not the. erosion侵蚀 of religion herald预示 the ____ of morality?
A. regulation
B. basis
C. belief
D. collapse
E. value

After winning the lottery, John bought sports cars, built a mansion, and wore designer suit; however, by thus ____ his ____, he alienated his friends.
A. enduring忍受
B. flaunting*炫耀*
C. calculating计算
D. hardship
E. prosperity*财产*
F. image

The study of biology, once considered they key to solving nature’s mysteries, has instead served to emphasize nature’s incredible ____.
A. tranquility安静
B. immobility静止
C. intricacy*复杂*
D. desirability
E. complexity
F. stability

In 1575 Venetians instituted an annual celebration to ____ the end of the ____ that had struck the city.
A. commemorate纪念
B. lament抱怨
C. solemnize
D. prospenity富有
E. plague*瘟疫*
F. fame流言

3.18

But these beliefs about (peptide hormones) were questioned after laboratory found that [antiserums to peptide hormones],when injected into the brain, bind in places. Other than the hypothalamus, indicating that either the hormones or substances that cross-react交叉反应 with the antiserums are present.

定语从句

(The disjunction between educational objectives that stress independence and individuality and those that emphasize obedience to rules and cooperation with others)主 reflects a ____ that arises from the values on which these objectives are based.
A. conflict
B. redundancy
C. gain
D. [redoctabo;otu
E. wisdom

宾语从句

The poet W.H Auden believed that the greatest poets of his age were almost irresponsible ,that the possession of goat gifts ____ to abuse them.
A. negates使…否定 … temptation诱惑
B. controls … resolution
C. engenders*使...导致* ... propensity*倾向*
D. tempers调和 … proclivity倾向
E. obviates消除 … inclination倾向

Most pioneers ____ this alley on their journey to the west because its rugged terrain an frequent Landslides made it a ____ place for travelers.
A. skirted绕行
B. enjoyed
C. encompassed
D. fascinating
E. necessary
F. hazardous

Ballads often praise popular figures who have performed feats that many perceive as, such as defending the poor or resisting authority权威.
A. admirable
B. inescapable
C. plausible
D. unjust
E. legitimate
F. derate

3.23

It is one of nature’s great ironies that the availability of nitrogen in the soil frequently sets an upper limit上限 on plant growth even though (the plants leaves are bathed沉浸 in a sea of nitrogen gas氮气).
–

非谓语动词

No longer considered ____, the belief that all of puerto Rico’s indigenous Taino people perished centuries ago appears to be a ____ now that modern Taino descendants have come froward
A. conclusive … reality出现
B. tenable ... misconception
C. mythical … possibility
D. erroneous … delusion
E. hypothetical … digression

否定加比较

Camuther’s latest literary criticism ____ her reputation名声 for trenchant commentary评论; despite its intriguing有趣 title and the fulsome praise on its dust jacket外表, it is nothing more than a collection of ____.
A. reinforces加强 … pronouncements声明
B. belies ... platitudes*陈词滥调*
C. prejudices … insights
D. advances … aphorisms格言
E. undermines破坏 … judgments

Not-until

We ad not realized how much people ____ the library’s old borrowing policy until we received complaints once it had been ____.
A. enjoyed … continued
B. disliked … administered
C. respected … imitated
D. ignored … lauded
E. appreciated ... superseded

The rover’s imposition of martial law婚姻法 on the once peaceful community was the last straw, so far as the lawmakers were concerned, the legislature refuser to function until martial law was ____.
A. reaffirmed重申
B. reiterated
C. inaugurated创新
D. rescinded*解除*
E. prolonged延长

the serious purpose of the paper-airplane flying contest, which attracted many novel and sometimes truly ____ entires, was too determine whether是否 any ____ aerodynamic空气动力学 designs could be discover.
A. derivative非原创的
B. bizarre*古怪的*
C. mundane平凡的
D. conventional传统的
E. aesthetic美感的
F. revolutionary

Carson presents her case so strongly and logically that only the prejudiced or the ____ will attempt to ____ her.
A. gullible容易被骗的
B. contradict理性的
C. obstinate固执的
D. contradict反驳
E. champion支持
F. safeguard保护

3.25

If she defines feminist criticism as objective and scientific a said, verifiable, intellectual method / that anyone, whether man or woman, can perform - the definition not only preludes the critic - as - artist approach, bur may, also impede (accomplishment of the utilitarian objectives of those) who seek to change the academic establishment and its thinking especially about sex roles.

Irony can, after a fashion勉强, become a mode of escape: to laugh at terrors fo life is in some sense to ____ them.
A. overstate夸张
B. revitalize使…复活
C. corroborate证实
D. evade*逃避*
E. license许可

Lotoya’s ____ is shown by her ability to be ____ :she can see her own faults more clearly than anyone else can.
A. cynicism洞察力 … self-destructive
B. open-mindedness愤世嫉俗 … complacent
C. insightfulness开放 … self-destructive自满
D. open-mindedness … complacent
E. insightfulness ... self-critical

Paradoxically自相矛盾的, the senator was both a ____ and ____, she publicly defended the rights and wisdom of the people, but she often spoke with a disdainful air of superiority.
A. demagogue煽动者 … a maverick持不同意见的人
B. conservative保守派 … an anarch无政府主义
C. populist平凡主义者 … an elitist精英主义
D. moderate稳健的 … a reactionary反动派
E. partisan‌党羽 … a snob势力小人

Over the year the anthropologist’s opinions had ____ , he refused to derate new ideas and nothing could change his mind.
A. digressed离题
B. proliferate增殖
C. ossified硬化
D. deviated脱离
E. calcified钙化
F. incubated孵化

3.30

In the early twentieth century, the idea that pianists should be musician - scholars whose playing reflected the way composers wanted their music to sound replaced the notion that pianists should be virtuosos whose perform thrilled audiences with emotional daring and showy displays of technique

标点符号

The mountain road wad distinctly ____, it twisted back and forth along the contours of the hillside
A. panoramic全景的
B. precipitous急剧的
C. serpentine*蛇形的*
D. circumscribed受限制的
E. retrograde倒退的

正负评价

Given the ____ state of the published evidence we do not argue have that exposure to low-level microwave energy is either hazardous or safe.
A. inconclusive不确定的
B. satisfactory满意的
C. definitive
D. immaculate完美的
E. exemplary典范的

The success of votes of a native son ____ author James Baldwin as one of the most ____ essayists of his time
A. buoyed鼓励 … irrelevant无关的
B. established*确定* ... prominent*有名望的*
C. surrendered投降 … prolific多产的
D. decried谴责 … cynical怀疑的
E. categorized分类 … mundane平凡的

Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the ramifications影响 of the economic policy have been ____ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policy’s underlying assumptions.
A. aupplemented
B. undermined削弱
C. wasted
D. diverted转移
E. redeemed补救

4.1

Although the passenger pigeons鸽子, now extinct灭绝, were abundant in eighteenth-and nineteenth-century America, archaeological at twelfth-century cahokia sites in the present day united states examined household food trash and found that traces of passenger pigeon were quite rare.

Parts of seventeenth-century Chinese pleasure gardens were not necessarily intended打算 to look ____; they were designed expressly to evoke the agreeable melancholy忧伤 resulting from a sense of the ____ of natural beauty and human glory
A. beautiful … immutability
B. cheerful ... transitorirtess
C. colorful … abstractness
D. luxuriant … simplicity
E. conventional … wildness

Toni Cade Bambara’s novels are engrossing because the protagonists, in striving to achieve, are not simply ____ character.
A. passive顺从的
B. independent
C. abandoned
D. redundant
E. resigned放纵的
F. autonomous独立的

4.8

During periods of social and cultural stability, many academies are so firmly contumely controlled by ____ that all real creative work must be done by the ____.
A. dogmatists ... disenfranchised
B. managers … reactionaries
C. reformers …dissatisfied
D. imposters … academicions
E. specialists … elite

New data measuring the ____ of land beneath the oceans permit accurate精确的 generalizations about the topography地势 of the seafloor.
A. models
B. contours轮廓
C. remnants
D. outlines
E. pigments
F. vestige残余

Excessive secrecy tends to ____ excessive curiosity and thus serves to ____ the very impulses against which it guards
A. inhibit
B. satisfy
C. invite
D. deride
E. provoke
F. limit

4.13

Edith wharton sought寻求 in her memoir to present herself as having achieved a harmonious和谐 wholeness by having ____ the conflicting elements元素 of her lift
A. affirmed判定
B. highlighted强调
C. reconciled
D. confined
E. identified

Once a duckling小鸭子 has identified a parent, the instinctive本能的 bona becomes纽带 a powerful ____ for additional learning since, by ____ the parent, the duckling can acquire further information that is not genetically transmitted.
A. impulse推动 … surpassing
B. referent … recognizing
C. force … acknowledging
D. inspiration … emulating模仿
E. channel ... mimicking

He felt it would be ____, in view of考虑到 the intense ____ that would likely follow, to make the sacrifice / required ignorer to gain such little advantage负面的表达.
A. charitable … growth
B. welcomed … prejudice
C. futile … encouragement
D. academic … acclaim称赞
E. unrealistic*不切实际的* ... turmoil*混乱*

In frigid regions a layer of permafrost under the soil surface prevents water from sinking deep into the soil, and so the water ____ the land, helping to create bog沼泽地 and ____ conditions.
A. freezes*凝固*
B. parches干燥
C. inundates淹没
D. tropical热带
E. swamp沼泽地
F. desert

4.15

impartiality 公正
sham 骗局
take side 站…一边
feel free to do 随意做某事
provided 假如
ascribed to 归因于
dichotomies 分歧
rank with 与…并列
confront 面子
preternatural 超自然的
odds 不平等
minor 小众的

4.20

Dominant interests often benefit most from ____ of governmental interference in business, since they are able to take care of themselves if left alone.
A. intensification强烈
B. authorization权威
C. centralization中心化
D. improvisation即兴创作
E. elmination*削弱*

4.22

Kagan maintains that an infant’s reactions to its first stressful experiences are part of a natural process o development, not harbingers先驱 of childhood unhappiness or ____ signs of adolescent青春期 anxiety.
A. prophetic
B. normal
C. monotonous单调的
D. virtual
E. typical

An investigation that is ____ can occasionally yield new facts, even notable ones, but typically the appear of such facts is the result of a search in a define direction.
A. timely
B. unguided
C. consistent
D. uncomplicated
E. subjective

4.27

apparent 显然的
fluid 流动的
egalitarian 平等主义的
ephemeral 短暂的
iconoclastic 打破旧习的
inordinately 过渡地
mercurial 活泼的
plutocratic 财阀的

4.29

It is (i) ____ that so many portrait肖像 paintings hang in art museums, since the subject matter主题 seems to dictate a status closer to pictures in the family photograph album than to high art. But perhaps it is the artistic skill with which the portraits are painted that (ii) ____ their presence in art museums.
i : A. surprising B. understandable C. irrelevant
ii: D. challenge E. justifies F. changes

In stark contrast形成鲜明对比 to his later , Simpson was largely politics during his colleges years, despite the fact that the campus he attended was rife with充满着 political activity.
A. activism*行动主义*
B. apathy冷漠
C. affability亲切
D. devoted to致力于
E. indifferent to无兴趣
F. shaped by

As my eyesight began to ____, I spent a lot of time writing about it - both forms and “ eye journals “ - desiring what I caw as I looked out through damaged eyes.
A. deteriorate*恶化*
B. sharpen
C. improve
D. decline
E. recover
F. adjust

The judge’s standing in the legal community though shaken by phony allegations虚假的指控 of wrongdoing请, emerged, at long last最后, ____.
A. unqualified不合格的
B. undiminished
C. undecided
D. undamaged
E. unresolved
F. unprincipled

Mordem agricultural practices have been extremely sully in increasing the productivity of major food crops, yet despite heavy use of pesticides, ____ losses to diseases and insect pests are sustained each year.
A. incongruous不协调的
B. reasonable
C. significant
D. considerable
E. equitable
F. forturtous